The scientific community and space weather agencies are on high alert following the explosive launch of a powerful X1.9 solar flare from the Sun, which is expected to trigger a coronal mass ejection (CME) with a potential impact on Earth within the next 2-3 days. The Space Weather Prediction Center issued an alarm on Sunday afternoon, stating that the phenomenon has the potential to cause high-intensity geomagnetic storms, with significant impacts on power grids, satellites, telecommunications, aviation, and critical infrastructure relying on chips and data centers.
Geophysicist and space weather expert Stefan Burns characterized the X1.9 flare as "crazy" and warned that the ejected coronal mass has "enormous potential." In a social media post, he mentioned that the solar wave's impact is expected to reach at least a G3 geomagnetic storm level, while early estimates may change as more data becomes available. The eruption was accompanied by strong X-ray radiation, which can cause immediate disruptions to radio communications and navigation systems. However, the greatest threat comes from the upcoming CME, which, due to its high speed and mass, can interact with Earth's magnetic field and cause severe geomagnetic disturbances.
Geomagnetic storms
According to industry analysts, geomagnetic storms of this magnitude can lead to temporary power outages, damage to satellites and communication networks, delays or rerouting of flights, and increased risks for critical infrastructure dependent on electronic systems and computers. The scientific community is calling on relevant agencies and infrastructure companies to prepare immediately for potential impacts, while advising citizens to monitor official announcements. This phenomenon serves as a reminder of how vulnerable the modern world is to solar activity, despite technological progress and forecasting systems. The next 48 hours are considered critical for monitoring the CME's path, as scientists will have a clearer picture of the solar storm's intensity and the possible consequences for our planet.
What is a CME
A CME is a massive release of plasma and magnetic field from the solar corona, the outer atmosphere of the Sun. The plasma consists of electrons, protons, and other ions, ejected into space at speeds that can reach 1,000–3,000 kilometers per second.
How it happens
The Sun has a powerful magnetic field that is constantly shaped and distorted due to rotation and plasma movements. When energy in the magnetic field builds up excessively, it explodes and ejects large clouds of plasma into space. This phenomenon is often associated with solar flares, but they are not the same thing: flares are primarily bright bursts of radiation, while CMEs are masses of charged particles.
What impact it has on Earth
When a CME is directed toward Earth and reaches its magnetic field, it can cause: Geomagnetic storms – disrupting Earth's magnetic field. Damage to satellites – voltage fluctuations and ultraviolet radiation can damage electronic circuits. Problems in power grids – especially in large high-voltage networks. Impacts on radio communications and GPS – particularly at polar latitudes. Beautiful auroras – the most positive result: charged particles interact with the atmosphere creating polar phenomena.
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